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Wednesday, August 16, 2017
 
Python Lists in 5 Minutes or Less .. Part 2

SEE ALSO: Python Lists in 5 Minutes or Less .. Part 1


Extracting Part of a List (sublist)

Lists can be sliced using [:] construction. list[start:end] (slicing) returns a new list containing elements in the original list from index position "start" to "(end-1)". Index starts at 0. "start" and "end" positions are optional. When "start" position was omitted, start of the list is assumed. When "end" position was omitted, end of the list is assumed. If both are omitted, entire list is returned as is.

eg.,
>>> record
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record[4:7]
[140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John']

>>> record[:4]
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201']

>>> record[4:]
[140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record[:]
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

Negative index counts back from the end of the list (right-to-left). -1 refers to the right most (last) element in the list.

eg.,
Extract last 3 elements in the list using negative index.

>>> record[-3:]
['John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

Extract all elements except the last 3.

>>> record[:-3]
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176']

An optional "step" parameter can be specified to skip few elements from the list, or put another way to get every nth element from the list. Syntax: list[start:end:step]

eg.,
Fetch every alternate element from the beginning of the list. 

>>> record[::2]
['Gary', 25, 140.32, 'John', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

Reverse the list.

>>> record[::-1]
['Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371', 'Keats', 'John', '925-93-2176', 140.32, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 25, 'Doe', 'Gary']

Note that the new lists returned from slicing a list are in reality shallow copies so contain references to elements from the original list.


Sorting a List

sort() method of the list object returns nothing (None) but modifies the original list by sorting in place. sort method supports 3 optional parameters -- method to be used for sorting (cmp), function to be executed with key element (key) and the reverse option. Syntax: sort(cmp, key, reserve).

eg.,
>>> record
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record.sort()
>>> record
[25, 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'Doe', 'Gary', 'John', 'Keats', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record=['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record.sort(reverse=True)
>>> record
['Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Keats', 'John', 'Gary', 'Doe', '925-93-2176', 140.32, 25]

If you don't want the original list to be modified, one option is to make a copy of the list and call sort() on the copy. Another option is to use the built-in sorted() function. The sorted() function returns the sorted list. It also accepts reverse parameter similar to sort() of the list.

eg.,
>>> record=['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> import copy
>>> recorddup = copy.copy(record)
>>> recorddup.sort()

>>> recorddup
[25, 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'Doe', 'Gary', 'John', 'Keats', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> sorted(record)
[25, 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'Doe', 'Gary', 'John', 'Keats', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> sorted(record, reverse=True)
['Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Keats', 'John', 'Gary', 'Doe', '925-93-2176', 140.32, 25]

Comparing Lists

Lists can be compared for equality using == operator. Lexicographical comparison is possible with the help of less-than and greater-than operators.

eg.,
>>> record
['Gary', 'Doe', 25, 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'John', 'Keats', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> recorddup
[25, 140.32, '925-93-2176', 'Doe', 'Gary', 'John', 'Keats', 'Network Ct, Twin Peaks, WA 90201', 'Sears Tower, Chicago, IL 46371']

>>> record == recorddup
False

>>> sorted(record) == recorddup
True

>>> record > recorddup
True

>>> record < recorddup
False

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Monday, August 07, 2017
 
Word List #3

Prior lists:
    #1    #2  


WORD MEANING
 
convalescent (of a person) recovering from an illness or operation
 
forlorn pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely
 
insouciant showing a casual lack of concern; indifferent
 
groundswell a buildup of opinion or feeling in a large section of the population
 
bluster talk in a loud, aggressive, or indignant way with little effect
 
inchoate just begun and so not fully formed or developed; rudimentary
 
exult show or feel elation or jubilation esp as the result of a success
 
bleat speak or complain in a weak, querulous, or foolish way
 
hearken listen
 
finagle obtain something by devious or dishonest means
 
cruft badly designed, unnecessarily complicated, or unwanted code or software
 
corral gather together and confine (a group of people or things)
 
throb feel pain in a series of regular beats
 
recalcitrant having an obstinately uncooperative attitude toward authority or discipline
 
prescient having or showing knowledge of events before they take place
 
newspeak ambiguous euphemistic language used chiefly in political propaganda
 
apparatchik an official in a large political organization
 
twaddle trivial or foolish speech or writing; nonsense
 
imbroglio an extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation
 
serenade a piece of music sung or played in the open air, typically by a man at night under the window of his lover
 
trenchant vigorous or incisive in expression or style
 
kerfuffle a commotion or fuss, especially one caused by conflicting views
 
denouement the final part of a play, movie, or narrative in which the strands of the plot are drawn together and matters are explained or resolved
 
flagrant (of something considered wrong or immoral) shockingly noticeable or evident; obvious; glaring
 
perp walk an act of walking into or out of a police station, courthouse, etc., that a person in police custody is made to perform for the benefit of the media
 

25 words

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